Gastric adenocarcinoma

Adenocarcinoma of the stomach is one of the most common types of cancer affecting the stomach lining. This disease requires thorough diagnosis and a professional approach to treatment. In this article, we will discuss what stomach cancer is, the stages of stomach cancer, how a stomach tumor develops, and the diagnostic and treatment options available in Kazakhstan.

What is adenocarcinoma of the stomach?

Adenocarcinoma of the stomach is a malignant tumor that develops from the cells of the stomach lining. This type of cancer is the most common among all types of stomach cancer and can develop in different parts of the stomach, including the cardiac and pyloric regions.

Stomach cancer often does not manifest in the early stages, making diagnosis difficult. Symptoms typically appear only when the tumor reaches a significant size or begins to metastasize.

Causes and risk factors

Several risk factors contribute to the development of stomach cancer, including:

• Chronic stomach diseases such as gastritis or ulcers.
• Helicobacter pylori infection, which can promote inflammation and accelerate tumor formation.
• Poor diet, smoking, and alcohol consumption.

It is important to note that even with risk factors present, not everyone will develop stomach cancer. However, regular check-ups and early diagnosis significantly reduce the likelihood of the disease developing.

Stages of stomach cancer

Stomach cancer is divided into several stages depending on the extent of the tumor and the involvement of nearby organs. Staging is crucial for selecting a treatment method and determining the disease’s prognosis.

Stages of stomach cancer

1. Stage 1: The tumor is confined to the stomach lining and does not affect other organs.
2. Stage 2: The tumor penetrates deeper into the stomach wall but has not yet metastasized.
3. Stage 3: The tumor spreads to adjacent tissues and lymph nodes.
4. Stage 4: Stomach cancer metastasizes to distant organs such as the liver or lungs.

Early diagnosis during the initial stages of the disease can significantly improve the chances of successful treatment and complete recovery.

Diagnosis of stomach cancer

To accurately diagnose stomach cancer, specialists use various examination methods. These include both laboratory and instrumental studies:

• Endoscopy — the primary method for diagnosing a stomach tumor. During the procedure, a special instrument allows the doctor to examine the stomach lining and take a biopsy for laboratory analysis.
• Ultrasound and CT — these methods help visualize the tumor, determine its size, and detect possible metastases.
• Oncological markers — tests for specific substances that may indicate the presence of cancer.

These methods allow for an accurate determination of the disease stage and selection of the most suitable treatment method.

Treatment of adenocarcinoma of the stomach

Treatment for adenocarcinoma of the stomach depends on the stage of the disease and the patient’s condition. The most common methods include:

Surgical intervention

In the early stages, stomach cancer can be treated with surgery, during which part or all of the stomach is removed. This significantly improves the prognosis and prevents the tumor from spreading further.

Chemotherapy and radiotherapy

In later stages, when the tumor has spread to other organs, chemotherapy or radiotherapy may be used to reduce the tumor size and alleviate the patient’s condition.

Modern approaches in gastric oncology

Modern gastric oncology utilizes new treatment methods such as targeted therapy and immunotherapy, which focus specifically on the tumor while minimizing harm to healthy tissues.

Why choose treatment in Kazakhstan?

Kazakhstan offers unique opportunities for the diagnosis and treatment of stomach cancer. The country’s medical centers are equipped with modern technology, and its doctors are highly qualified, enabling the successful diagnosis and treatment of stomach tumors at all stages of the disease.

If you need to diagnose or treat stomach cancer, adenocarcinoma of the stomach in Kazakhstan is the right choice. Advanced medical technologies, skilled specialists, and accessible treatment options will help you overcome the disease and restore your quality of life.